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Islamic Philosophy / Sufi EpistemologyAl-Ghazali (Deliverance from Error / Al-Munqidh min al-Dalal, c. 1109 CE)

A mental model, once it works, starts to do something insidious: it begins selecting which evidence reaches you. The 11th-century Persian philosopher Al-Ghazali described this in...

What would remain of your current product strategy if you removed the one mental model you've relied on longest — not...

Islamic Philosophy / Sufi EpistemologyAl-Ghazali

Uncertainty has a texture that most analytical frameworks sand away. The medieval Persian philosopher Al-Ghazali noticed something that modern decision theorists keep...

In the last week, which decision did you spend the most time analyzing — and was the uncertainty you were wrestling...

Islamic Philosophy (Ibn Sina / Avicenna) synthesized with Stress Biology (Bruce McEwen / Allostatic Load theory)Ibn Sina (Canon of Medicine, c. 1025 CE) synthesized with Bruce McEwen (Allostatic Load theory, 'Stress, Adaptation, and Disease,' 1998)

The medieval Islamic physician Ibn Sina — known in the West as Avicenna — argued in his Canon of Medicine that the body and mind share a single 'vital spirit,' and that prolonged...

Name one recovery practice you've cut short this week in the name of productivity — and be specific about what decision...

Islamic Philosophy / Social EpidemiologyIbn Khaldun & Robert Sapolsky (synthesized)

Ibn Khaldun, the 14th-century North African historian, noticed something that took medicine another five centuries to fully reckon with: that human beings are so thoroughly shaped...

In the last week, whose social circumstances did you actually investigate — not document, but genuinely try to...

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